Drew David A., Katz Ronit, Kritchevsky Stephen, Ix Joachim H., Shlipak Michael, Newman Anne B., Hoofnagle Andy, Fried Linda, Gutiérrez Orlando M., Sarnak Mark, Ginsberg Stephen D.
Concentrations of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF-23), a hormone that regulates phosphorus and vitamin D metabolism, increase as kidney function declines. Excess fibroblast growth factor 23 may impact brain function through promotion of vascular disease or through direct effects on neuronal tissue.